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Landegg International University

2012-05-15T20:58:04Z

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	== History ==		== History ==

		+	[[file:LandeggLogo.jpg\|100px\|frame\|The University's Logo]]
	Landegg's evolution into a full-fledged university was a gradual process. Located on some 31 acres on a hillside overlooking Lake Constance in the rustic Swiss village of Wienacht, Landegg International University was previously known as Landegg Academy, and it was used primarily as a conference center. <ref name=LIU2>In Switzerland, Landegg International University wins increasing attention. One Country: The Online Newsletter of the Baha’i International Community Vol 13, Issue2 / July – October 2001. Office of Public Information of the Baha’i International Community.</ref>		Landegg's evolution into a full-fledged university was a gradual process. Located on some 31 acres on a hillside overlooking Lake Constance in the rustic Swiss village of Wienacht, Landegg International University was previously known as Landegg Academy, and it was used primarily as a conference center. <ref name=LIU2>In Switzerland, Landegg International University wins increasing attention. One Country: The Online Newsletter of the Baha’i International Community Vol 13, Issue2 / July – October 2001. Office of Public Information of the Baha’i International Community.</ref>

File:LandeggLogo.jpg

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uploaded "[[File:LandeggLogo.jpg]]" Public image of Landegg International University logo.

Marzieh Gail

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		+	[[File:Marzieh Gail.JPG\|thumb\|right\|250px\|Marzieh Gail]]
	'''Marzieh Gail''' ([[1908]] - [[1993]]) was born in 1908 to the first Persian-American [[Marriage\|union]] in the [[Bahá’í Faith\|Bahá’í]] community between Ali Kuli Khan and Florence Breed. She wrote to [[‘Abdu’l-Bahá]] when a small child. His answer implored [[God]] to change one who is pleasing to God into one who is pleased with God. It was a rhyme of her name, Marzieh, with Razieh. She was the second child and oldest daughter.		'''Marzieh Gail''' ([[1908]] - [[1993]]) was born in 1908 to the first Persian-American [[Marriage\|union]] in the [[Bahá’í Faith\|Bahá’í]] community between Ali Kuli Khan and Florence Breed. She wrote to [[‘Abdu’l-Bahá]] when a small child. His answer implored [[God]] to change one who is pleasing to God into one who is pleased with God. It was a rhyme of her name, Marzieh, with Razieh. She was the second child and oldest daughter.

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	+ with her father<br>		+ with her father<br>
	++ with a committee at the Bahá’í World Center		++ with a committee at the Bahá’í World Center
		+
		+	==External links==
		+	{{media\|Category:Marzieh_Gail\|Marzieh Gail}}
		+	*[http://any-thing-bahai-resources.blogspot.com/2010/09/blog-post_6.html Marzieh Gail 1908 - 1993]
		+	*[http://bahai-library.com/chen_marzieh_gail_obituary Obituary: Marzieh Nabil Carpenter Gail (1908-1993) by Constance M. Chen]

	[[Category:Authors\|Gail, Marzieh]]		[[Category:Authors\|Gail, Marzieh]]

Marzieh Gail

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-	'''Marzieh Gail''' ([[1908]] - [[1993]]) was born in 1908 to the first Persian-American [[Marriage\|union]] in the [[Bahá’í Faith\|Bahá’í]] community Ali Kuli Khan and Florence Breed~~, she~~ wrote to [[‘Abdu’l-Bahá]] when a small child. His answer implored [[God]] to change one who is pleasing to God into one who is pleased with God. It was a rhyme of her name, Marzieh, with Razieh. She was the second child and oldest daughter.	+	'''Marzieh Gail''' ([[1908]] - [[1993]]) was born in 1908 to the first Persian-American [[Marriage\|union]] in the [[Bahá’í Faith\|Bahá’í]] community between Ali Kuli Khan and Florence Breed. She wrote to [[‘Abdu’l-Bahá]] when a small child. His answer implored [[God]] to change one who is pleasing to God into one who is pleased with God. It was a rhyme of her name, Marzieh, with Razieh. She was the second child and oldest daughter.

-	Her first articles were published in [[Star of the West]] when she was a junior at ~~Stamford~~ University. The next year, 1929, she graduated with honors and married Howard Carpenter. Three years later, after obtaining her MA in English, and he had obtained his MD, they traveled through Europe teaching the Bahá’í Faith on their way to Haifa. At the Bahá’í World Center, the Guardian asked if they would go to Persia and become a bridge between the East and the West. He specifically asked if they would teach the Persian Bahá’ís about the ~~administrative order~~. They accepted this responsibility.	+	Her first articles were published in [[Star of the West]] when she was a junior at Stanford University. The next year, 1929, she graduated with honors and married Howard Carpenter. Three years later, after obtaining her MA in English from UC-Berkeley, and he had obtained his MD from Stanford, they traveled through Europe teaching the Bahá’í Faith on their way to Haifa. At the Bahá’í World Center, the Guardian asked if they would go to Persia and become a bridge between the East and the West. He specifically asked if they would teach the Persian Bahá’ís about the Administrative Order. They accepted this responsibility.

-	In Tehran ~~Marziah~~ was able to obtain a job with a newspaper, becoming the first female reporter in the country. Her husband was prevented by the authorities from obtaining a medical license for a year. Shortly after the license was granted, he contracted polio and became paralyzed from the waist down. They wanted to stay but doctors advised them to return to the U.S. for treatment. A few months after returning, he died. While in Persia ~~Marzeih~~ had begun to translate Bahá’í Sacred Texts. She continued to do this the rest of her life.	+	In Tehran Marzieh was able to obtain a job with a newspaper, becoming the first female reporter in the country. Her husband was prevented by the authorities from obtaining a medical license for a year. Shortly after the license was granted, he contracted polio and became paralyzed from the waist down. They wanted to stay but doctors advised them to return to the U.S. for treatment. A few months after returning, he died. While in Persia Marzieh had begun to translate Bahá’í Sacred Texts. She continued to do this the rest of her life.

-	In 1939 she married Harold Gail. ~~Five years later~~, in response to the [[Ten Year Crusade]], they set off for Europe. First ~~the~~ settled in Nice, France and helped form the first [[Local Spiritual Assembly\|Spiritual Assembly]] there in 1956. Next they moved to Austria where they helped form the Spiritual Assembly of Salzburg, while there ~~Marziah~~ was elected to the [[National Spiritual Assembly]], and then its Chairman. Next they lived in Arnhem, The Netherlands where they helped form that Spiritual Assembly; from there they traveled in Europe teaching the Faith as they went.	+	In 1939 she married Harold Gail. In 1954, in response to the [[Ten Year Crusade]], they set off for Europe. First they settled in Nice, France and helped form the first [[Local Spiritual Assembly\|Spiritual Assembly]] there in 1956. Next they moved to Austria where they helped form the Spiritual Assembly of Salzburg; while there Marzieh was elected to the [[National Spiritual Assembly]], and then its Chairman. Next they lived in Arnhem, The Netherlands where they helped form that Spiritual Assembly; from there they traveled in Europe teaching the Faith as they went.

-	They returned to the U.S. and settled in Keene, NH after the Ten Year Crusade, and helped ~~for~~ the Spiritual Assembly there. Now she concentrated on her writing for the rest of her life. In 1981 she and her husband relocated to San Francisco where they had met over forty years earlier. She continued to write. She died a year after him in October 1993.	+	They returned to the U.S. and settled in Keene, NH after the Ten Year Crusade (1963), and helped form the Spiritual Assembly there. Now she concentrated on her writing for the rest of her life. In 1981 she and her husband relocated to San Francisco where they had met over forty years earlier. She continued to write. She died a year after him in October 1993.

	==Publications==		==Publications==

Landegg International University

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	In addition to such high-level gatherings, Landegg was also host to a number of international programs, focusing on peace and world order studies for young people. <ref name=LIU2/>		In addition to such high-level gatherings, Landegg was also host to a number of international programs, focusing on peace and world order studies for young people. <ref name=LIU2/>

-	The campus was acquired by a ~~Baha'i~~ family in 1982 and the properties were donated to a newly established Landegg International ~~Baha'i~~ Foundation, operating under the aegis of the ~~Baha'i~~ community of Switzerland, which undertook the renovation of its main buildings and established it as a conference center. <ref name=LIU2/>	+	The campus was acquired by a Bahá’í family in 1982 and the properties were donated to a newly established Landegg International Bahá’í Foundation, operating under the aegis of the Bahá’í community of Switzerland, which undertook the renovation of its main buildings and established it as a conference center. <ref name=LIU2/>

	In the mid-1990s, the Foundation decided that Landegg's role as a center of learning should become formalized, and Landegg's functions were transferred to an independent board, whose charter states that the university will be operated as an independent university, directed by an international governing board. Among the most important responsibilities of the board was to ensure the academic excellence and independence of the university. <ref name=LIU2/>		In the mid-1990s, the Foundation decided that Landegg's role as a center of learning should become formalized, and Landegg's functions were transferred to an independent board, whose charter states that the university will be operated as an independent university, directed by an international governing board. Among the most important responsibilities of the board was to ensure the academic excellence and independence of the university. <ref name=LIU2/>
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	== Bahá’í Historical Note ==		== Bahá’í Historical Note ==

-	In May 1997 Hand of the Cause of God ~~Amatú’l~~-Bahá ~~Ruhiyyih Khanum~~ made her last trip outside the Holy Land when she came to visit Landegg in order to establish the Rabbani Chair for Bahá’í History. The events of this visit were recorded in the film Making History.	+	In May 1997 [[Hands of the Cause of God\|Hand of the Cause of God]] [[Rúḥíyyih Khánum\|Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih <u>Kh</u>ánum]] made her last trip outside the Holy Land when she came to visit Landegg in order to establish the Rabbani Chair for Bahá’í History. The events of this visit were recorded in the film Making History.

	== The Closing of the University ==		== The Closing of the University ==

Rúḥíyyih Khánum

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	\| name = Rúhíyyih <u>Kh</u>ánum		\| name = Rúhíyyih <u>Kh</u>ánum
	\| image = Ruhiyyih-khanum.jpg\|thumb\|right\|170px\|]]		\| image = Ruhiyyih-khanum.jpg\|thumb\|right\|170px\|]]
-	\| caption = ~~Amatu'l~~-Bahá Rúḥíyyih <u>Kh</u>ánum	+	\| caption = Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih <u>Kh</u>ánum
	\| birth_name = Mary Sutherland Maxwell		\| birth_name = Mary Sutherland Maxwell
	\| birth_date = August 8, 1910		\| birth_date = August 8, 1910
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	\| resting_place = Haifa, Israel		\| resting_place = Haifa, Israel
	\| resting_place_coordinates = {{coord\|32.818224\|34.991165\|format=dms}}		\| resting_place_coordinates = {{coord\|32.818224\|34.991165\|format=dms}}
-	\| title = ~~'Amatu'l~~-Bahá <br> Hand of the Cause of God	+	\| title = Amatu’l-Bahá <br> Hand of the Cause of God
	\| occupation =		\| occupation =
	\| nationality = Canadian-American		\| nationality = Canadian-American
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	}}		}}

-	'''~~Amatu'l~~-Bahá Rúḥíyyih <u>Kh</u>ánum''' ([[August 8]], [[1910]] - [[January 19]], [[2000]]), born '''Mary Maxwell''', was the wife of [[Shoghi Effendi]], the head of the [[Bahá’í Faith]] from 1921-1957. She was appointed by him as a [[Hands of the Cause of God\|Hand of the Cause]], and served an important role in the transfer of authority from 1957-1963. In 2004, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation viewers voted her number 44 on the list of "greatest Canadians" on the television show 'The Greatest Canadian. She is known amongst the Persians as ''Ḥadrat-i-Rúhíyyih <u>Kh</u>ánum'' or ''Ḥadrat-i-<u>Kh</u>ánum''	+	'''Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih <u>Kh</u>ánum''' ([[August 8]], [[1910]] - [[January 19]], [[2000]]), born '''Mary Maxwell''', was the wife of [[Shoghi Effendi]], the head of the [[Bahá’í Faith]] from 1921-1957. She was appointed by him as a [[Hands of the Cause of God\|Hand of the Cause]], and served an important role in the transfer of authority from 1957-1963. In 2004, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation viewers voted her number 44 on the list of "greatest Canadians" on the television show 'The Greatest Canadian. She is known amongst the Persians as ''Ḥadrat-i-Rúhíyyih <u>Kh</u>ánum'' or ''Ḥadrat-i-<u>Kh</u>ánum''

	==Background==		==Background==
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	She made her first pilgrimage to the Holy Land accompanied by her mother when she was thirteen in 1923, and this was the first time that she met her future husband [[Shoghi Effendi]]. Mary then stayed in Montreal and when she was fifteen years old joined the Executive Committee of the Fellowship of Canadian Youth for Peace. In Montreal, Mary blossomed into a beautiful young woman and at sixteen-years-old made her second pilgrimage. The youthful Miss Maxwell devoted her life to Bahá’í youth activities and at the age of just twenty-one she was elected member of the LSA of Montreal. She made two more pilgrimages, one in 1936 accompanied by her relatives and one in early 1937 with her father and mother, this pilgrimage however, was unlike any other and would change the twenty-six-year old Mary’s life forever.		She made her first pilgrimage to the Holy Land accompanied by her mother when she was thirteen in 1923, and this was the first time that she met her future husband [[Shoghi Effendi]]. Mary then stayed in Montreal and when she was fifteen years old joined the Executive Committee of the Fellowship of Canadian Youth for Peace. In Montreal, Mary blossomed into a beautiful young woman and at sixteen-years-old made her second pilgrimage. The youthful Miss Maxwell devoted her life to Bahá’í youth activities and at the age of just twenty-one she was elected member of the LSA of Montreal. She made two more pilgrimages, one in 1936 accompanied by her relatives and one in early 1937 with her father and mother, this pilgrimage however, was unlike any other and would change the twenty-six-year old Mary’s life forever.

-	[[Image:Famatp~03m~amat-portrait.jpg\|thumb\|left\|170px\|~~Amatu'l~~-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum with mother, May]]	+	[[Image:Famatp~03m~amat-portrait.jpg\|thumb\|left\|170px\|Amatu’l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum with mother, May]]

	[[Image:Famatp~10m~amat-portrait.jpg\|thumb\|right\|170px\|Fifteen year old Mary]]		[[Image:Famatp~10m~amat-portrait.jpg\|thumb\|right\|170px\|Fifteen year old Mary]]

	==Marriage==		==Marriage==
-	She had met Shoghi Effendi a few times before her actual marriage. Mary, who would soon be known as Rúhiyyih Khánum, writes that when she arrived in the Holy Land in January of 1937, "it was not as strangers but as two people reaching the zenith of their love". During her pilgrimage in 1937, the Guardian surprised Mary by proposing to her after the couple went through a discreet courtship. She accepted, and the couple married in the [[Bahíyyih Khánum\|Greatest Holy Leaf]]’s room in 7 Haparsim Street on March 24th 1937. The marriage was a pure and simple one, reminiscent of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá's marriage to [[Munírih Khánum]]. Shoghi Effendi then renamed her '''~~Amatu'l~~-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum'''. The marriage surprised the Bahá’ís. Rúḥíyyih Khánum states that Shoghi Effendi was keen on the wedding being kept private. After Shoghi Effendi was married, it was seen as a symbol of the unity between the East and the West. A telegram was sent out to America stating:	+	She had met Shoghi Effendi a few times before her actual marriage. Mary, who would soon be known as Rúhiyyih Khánum, writes that when she arrived in the Holy Land in January of 1937, "it was not as strangers but as two people reaching the zenith of their love". During her pilgrimage in 1937, the Guardian surprised Mary by proposing to her after the couple went through a discreet courtship. She accepted, and the couple married in the [[Bahíyyih Khánum\|Greatest Holy Leaf]]’s room in 7 Haparsim Street on March 24th 1937. The marriage was a pure and simple one, reminiscent of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá's marriage to [[Munírih Khánum]]. Shoghi Effendi then renamed her '''Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum'''. The marriage surprised the Bahá’ís. Rúḥíyyih Khánum states that Shoghi Effendi was keen on the wedding being kept private. After Shoghi Effendi was married, it was seen as a symbol of the unity between the East and the West. A telegram was sent out to America stating:

	“Announce Assemblies celebration marriage beloved Guardian. Inestimable honour conferred upon handmaiden of Bahá’u’lláh Rúhíyyih Khánum Miss Mary Maxwell. Union of East and West proclaimed by Bahá’í faith cemented. Ziaiyyih mother of the Guardian”		“Announce Assemblies celebration marriage beloved Guardian. Inestimable honour conferred upon handmaiden of Bahá’u’lláh Rúhíyyih Khánum Miss Mary Maxwell. Union of East and West proclaimed by Bahá’í faith cemented. Ziaiyyih mother of the Guardian”
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	==Ministry of the Custodians==		==Ministry of the Custodians==
-	[[Image:Mary Maxwell.jpg\|thumb\|right\|170px\|~~Amatu'l~~-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum]]	+	[[Image:Mary Maxwell.jpg\|thumb\|right\|170px\|Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum]]
	In 1957 her husband, Shoghi Effendi, died without having appointed a successor. Rúḥíyyih Khánum was among the 27 Hands of the Cause who stewarded the religion for the six-year interim, before the [[Universal House of Justice]] was scheduled to be elected in 1963. The Hands voted among themselves for 9 individuals to work at the Bahá’í World Centre to run the administration of the Faith, a position to which Rúḥíyyih Khánum was elected. These 9 were designated the [[Custodians]], and held the authority of excommunication.		In 1957 her husband, Shoghi Effendi, died without having appointed a successor. Rúḥíyyih Khánum was among the 27 Hands of the Cause who stewarded the religion for the six-year interim, before the [[Universal House of Justice]] was scheduled to be elected in 1963. The Hands voted among themselves for 9 individuals to work at the Bahá’í World Centre to run the administration of the Faith, a position to which Rúḥíyyih Khánum was elected. These 9 were designated the [[Custodians]], and held the authority of excommunication.

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	From [[1957]] until her death Rúḥíyyih Khánum traveled to over 185 countries and territories helping integrate the world's several million Bahá’ís into a unified global community; she especially encouraged members of indigenous peoples to participate in the global Bahá’í community.		From [[1957]] until her death Rúḥíyyih Khánum traveled to over 185 countries and territories helping integrate the world's several million Bahá’ís into a unified global community; she especially encouraged members of indigenous peoples to participate in the global Bahá’í community.

-	Rúḥíyyih Khánum died on [[January 19]], [[2000]] at the age of 89 in [[Haifa]], [[Israel]] and her [[World Centre buildings#Resting place of ~~Amatu'l~~-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum\|resting place]] is at the Bahá’í World Centre.	+	Rúḥíyyih Khánum died on [[January 19]], [[2000]] at the age of 89 in [[Haifa]], [[Israel]] and her [[World Centre buildings#Resting place of Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum\|resting place]] is at the Bahá’í World Centre.

	==References==		==References==
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	\|first=Violette		\|first=Violette
	\|year=2000		\|year=2000
-	\|title=Tribute to ~~Amatu'l~~-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum, A	+	\|title=Tribute to Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum, A
	\|publisher=Bahá’í Canada Publications & Nine Pines Publishing, Ottawa, Canada		\|publisher=Bahá’í Canada Publications & Nine Pines Publishing, Ottawa, Canada
	\|id=ISBN 0888671059		\|id=ISBN 0888671059
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	==External links==		==External links==
-	*[http://www.ca.bahai.org/main.cfm?sid=67 ~~Amatu'l~~-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum (1910 - 2000)]	+	*[http://www.ca.bahai.org/main.cfm?sid=67 Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum (1910 - 2000)]

Amatú’l-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum

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Redirected page to Rúḥíyyih Khánum

New page

#REDIRECT [[Rúḥíyyih Khánum]]

Landegg International University

2012-05-13T21:08:45Z

External links:

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:08, 13 May 2012
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	== External links ==		== External links ==
-		+	*http://www.onecountry.org/e1320as_Landegg_story.htm
-	http://www.onecountry.org/e1320as_Landegg_story.htm	+	*http://news.bahai.org/story/138
-	http://news.bahai.org/story/138	+	*http://www.efpinternational.org
-		+	*TomGarraway@hotmail.com (Registrar, Landegg International University)
-	http://www.efpinternational.org	+
-		+
-	TomGarraway@hotmail.com (Registrar, Landegg International University)	+
-		+

	[[Category:Bahá’í inspired schools]]		[[Category:Bahá’í inspired schools]]

Landegg International University

2012-05-13T17:17:49Z

All the text for the article is now there. A bit later I will add some photos of Landegg.

Show changes

User:Briansnotes

2012-05-13T15:34:48Z

New user account

Landegg International University

2012-05-12T23:35:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:35, 12 May 2012
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-	Landegg International University (LIU) was an independent, legally registered, private university in Switzerland from September 1997 to December 2003, offering BA, MA and Certificate programs in Conflict Resolution, International and Community Development, Global Governance, International Leadership and Management (MBA), Psychology, and Information Technology.	+	'''Landegg International University''' (LIU) was an independent, legally registered, private university in [[Switzerland]] from September 1997 to December 2003, offering BA, MA and Certificate programs in Conflict Resolution, International and Community Development, Global Governance, International Leadership and Management (MBA), Psychology, and Information Technology.

	== History ==		== History ==
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	== References ==		== References ==
-		+	{{reflist}}
-	~~<references/>~~	+

	[[Category:Bahá’í inspired schools]]		[[Category:Bahá’í inspired schools]]

Landegg International University

2012-05-12T21:44:08Z

I am trying to build a complete article on Landegg University. This is the first two section. More to come. ~~~~

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:44, 12 May 2012
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-	Landegg International University	+	Landegg International University (LIU) was an independent, legally registered, private university in Switzerland from September 1997 to December 2003, offering BA, MA and Certificate programs in Conflict Resolution, International and Community Development, Global Governance, International Leadership and Management (MBA), Psychology, and Information Technology.
-	Switzerland	+

-	~~was forced to close in 2004~~	+	== History ==

		+	Landegg's evolution into a full-fledged university was a gradual process. Located on some 31 acres on a hillside overlooking Lake Constance in the rustic Swiss village of Wienacht, Landegg International University was previously known as Landegg Academy, and it was used primarily as a conference center. <ref name=LIU2>In Switzerland, Landegg International University wins increasing attention. One Country: The Online Newsletter of the Baha’i International Community Vol 13, Issue2 / July – October 2001. Office of Public Information of the Baha’i International Community.</ref>
		+
		+	In that role, Landegg was the venue of a number of significant meetings, including a series of "International Dialogues on the Transition to a Global Society." The first such Dialogue was held in September 1990 and included the participation of Federico Mayor, then UNESCO's Director- General; Karan Singh, a leading Indian author and diplomat; and Bertrand Schneider, then secretary-general of the Club of Rome. <ref name=LIU2/>
		+
		+	In addition to such high-level gatherings, Landegg was also host to a number of international programs, focusing on peace and world order studies for young people. <ref name=LIU2/>
		+
		+	The campus was acquired by a Baha'i family in 1982 and the properties were donated to a newly established Landegg International Baha'i Foundation, operating under the aegis of the Baha'i community of Switzerland, which undertook the renovation of its main buildings and established it as a conference center. <ref name=LIU2/>
		+
		+	In the mid-1990s, the Foundation decided that Landegg's role as a center of learning should become formalized, and Landegg's functions were transferred to an independent board, whose charter states that the university will be operated as an independent university, directed by an international governing board. Among the most important responsibilities of the board was to ensure the academic excellence and independence of the university. <ref name=LIU2/>
		+
		+	In September 1997, Landegg formally inaugurated a new program of graduate studies, offering a Master of Arts Degree in eight areas, including conflict resolution, psychology, education, and religion. In 1998, Landegg began to offer undergraduate degrees as well and by 2000, the institution began seeking formal recognition as a university. <ref name=LIU2/>
		+
		+	On 20 September 2001, Landegg received an important new level of recognition, when it was formally registered by the cantonal and federal authorities as a private university in Switzerland. To achieve this status, the university had met the rigorous criteria set by the government at both the canton and federal levels. <ref name=LIU2/>
		+
		+	== Legal Status of Landegg International University ==
		+
		+	Landegg International University was legally registered with the cantonal Ministry of Education of Canton Appenzell-Ausserrhoden (Registration No.CH-300.6.013.105-2), and the Federal Registry, (in accordance with Articles 44, par.2 and Article 21), following five requirements of the Federal Department of Justice: <ref name=LIU1>Landegg International University Academic Undergraduate and Graduate Calendar. Fall 2003. Office of the Registrar, Landegg International University, Wienacht/AR, Switzerland.</ref> (p79)
		+
		+	* The University must be an institution of higher education (tertiary), with clearly defined admissions requirements (i.e. high school diploma or its equivalent);
		+	* The University must offer a multi-disciplinary program and have at least two departments;
		+	* The University must be self-administered and managed;
		+	* The University must be recognized by the government or at least collaborate with governmentally-recognized universities or polytechnical colleges;
		+	* Apart from teaching activities, the University also must be engaged in research, as a basis for teaching.
		+
		+	Upon concluding that the University met these requirements, the Ministry of Education, Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden), in its letters of recommendation, dated 13 November 1998, and 10 May 2001, wrote: <ref name=LIU1/> (p80)
		+
		+	<blockquote>
		+	…Landegg’s professional and academic programs are properly established, and function according to all the laws and regulations that pertain to private universities in the Canton…. “The Ministry of Education (canton Appenzell AR) has been in contact with the above institution since its inception [and they have] kept us informed at various points of its aims and activities. According to our judgement, it is a respectable private educational institution in the area of tertiary education, with strongly developed international contacts, and is self-financing.”
		+	</blockquote>
		+
		+	== References ==
		+
		+	<references/>

	[[Category:Bahá’í inspired schools]]		[[Category:Bahá’í inspired schools]]